A physiologist's contribution to the birth of cinema

Etienne-Jules Marey was a French scientist, physiologist, and chronophotographer. Chronophotography is a scientific measurement technique in which photography is used for analysis, often the locomotion of living creatures. In fact, Marey coined the phrase.

Marey devised integral cameras using a single lens and a single imaging surface for photography of phases of the moon. This contrasted with the efforts of others in the field, who used multiple cameras or multiple-lens cameras.

In the 1880s Marey devised a camera that looked like a trolley car that could follow a moving subject. It was during this time, in 1885, that he produced this schematic visualization of movies he made of running people to understand the physiology of human movement.

Animation is a form of visual storytelling that involves creating visual art and motion through the use of various techniques and technologies. In animation, images are manipulated to create the illusion of movement, bringing characters, objects, and environments to life. Animation can encompass a wide range of styles, themes, and intended audiences, making it a diverse and versatile form of storytelling.

Daveigh Chase, Rumi Hiiragi, and Mari Natsuki in Spirited Away (2001)

The short form refers to creative works characterized by their brevity and concise storytelling. Unlike full-length feature films, short films have a running time of less than 45 minutes, while TV shorts have a running time of less than 22 minutes.

Benedict Cumberbatch in The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar (2023)

A machine tries to replicate a man walking.

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"The Gentlemen" and "Slow Horses" return this fall, while the "Reacher" spin-off series "Neagley" makes its debut. See our guide of the biggest Fall TV and streaming releases.

2026 Fall TV and Streaming Watch Guide

&quot;The Gentlemen&quot; and &quot;Slow Horses&quot; return this fall, while the &quot;Reacher&quot; spin-off series &quot;Neagley&quot; makes its debut. See our guide of the biggest Fall TV and streaming releases.

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Pferd und Reiter Springen über ein Hindernis

Pferd und Reiter Springen über ein Hindernis (1888)

Machine Man

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