From the Mountains to the Sea, Timorese Women Fight for More

UNITED NATIONS, Mar 6 2015 (IPS) - Ahead of International Women's Day, IPS looks at some of the challenges and achievements Timorese women have experienced since the small island country gained independence in 2002.

From the Mountains ... To the sea 

In another part of Timor-Leste women divers are challenging dominant narratives, that don't value women's work.

The women divers of Adara on Atauro island have reached a worldwide audience through the short film Wawata Topu. The film was last week awarded best foreign documentary at the American Online Film Awards in New York.

IPS spoke with Enrique Alonso, who co-directed and co-produced the film, along with David Palazón.

"If you review the available bibliography on the role of women in the Timor-Leste fisheries sector, you will find that women are missing," Alonso told IPS. "Some reports developed in the last years shed some light, but for the most part (the women) were totally invisible.

"All along the country you might find that women in the fishing communities have a crucial role in households' income management, livestock rearing and craft making, post harvest and fish drying, they participate in seasonal shore fishing (such as the sea worms harvest) and mostly in shellfish gathering and reef gleaning.

"There is one specific report of a study conducted in the east side of the main island where the researchers define women's roles in the fisheries as 'marginal'." "Wawata Topu are the living example that women's roles are not 'marginal' at all," Alonso said. "The film shows that their work is of primary importance not only in regards the provision of food but also in the market chain." Alonso says that the women of Adara have to walk for hours every Saturday to get to the market to sell their fish.

"They are the ones who transport and sell the fish, caught also by men, to the market every week. They are the brokers upon which the incomes of many families depend. The kids have to walk around one hour to get to the school through the rugged coastline. If it rains it is too risky for them to go," he said.

"These are tough conditions. Within this context, these diver women are among the most vulnerable groups." The film documents how the women of Adara have adapted to the tough conditions and broken down gender barriers by becoming spear fishers themselves.

"As Maria the pioneer diver explains in the film, she started to fish because she was hungry. She challenged the social barriers and joined men in spear gun fishing," Alonso explained.

The film has helped women by giving them narrative with which to challenge unfair power structures.

"Through the film (women) raised their voice and got heard," Alonso said.

"Power is also about discourse and narrative, and in challenging power the narrative games are crucial," he said.

The film has been screened widely, including at International Women's Day events around the world.

The most important event occurred at the National Day of Timorese Women, Alonso said.

"That day, the Secretary of State for Promotion of Equality granted Maria Cabeça and the Wawata Topu with the Women of the Year Award. In a way, the film has contributed to put Atauro Island and the Wawata Topu on the map."

The adventure genre features exciting journeys, quests, or expeditions undertaken by characters who often face challenges, obstacles, and risks in pursuit of a goal. Adventures can take place in a wide range of settings, from exotic and fantastical locations to historical or even everyday environments.

The biography, or "biopic", is a genre that portrays the life story of a real person, often a notable individual or historical figure. They aim to provide a depiction of the subject's personal history, achievements, challenges, and impact on society.

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The documentary is a form of non-fiction storytelling that aims to present factual information, insights, and perspectives on real-world subjects, events, issues, or people. Documentaries can cover a wide range of topics, including history, science, culture, social issues, nature, biographies, and more.

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The history genre features recounting and analyzing past events, societies, cultures, and historical figures. This genre aims to provide insights into the development of civilizations, the causes and consequences of historical events, and the impact of individuals and ideas on the course of history.

The short form refers to creative works characterized by their brevity and concise storytelling. Unlike full-length feature films, short films have a running time of less than 45 minutes, while TV shorts have a running time of less than 22 minutes.

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Wawata Topu (women divers) are four generations of fisher-women striving to make a living in the coastal village of Adara, West Atauro, Timor-Leste. Their daily lives, economic practices and vital concerns, as well as the contradicting discourses and social barriers they face, are shown in this ethnographic portrait that makes visible their critical contribution to the household economies and the fishing community at large. Their underwater dancing takes place in a context of rapid social change, where the generalization of the formal education, the progressive consolidation of western moral values and the potential openness of more attractive livelihoods not linked to the sea, seem to be forging a social negotiation of the household economic strategies initiated by the oldest generation during the 50's.

Wawata Topu: Mermaids of Timor-Leste (2013)

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Wawata Topu: Mermaids of Timor-Leste

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