- Already had three children with his mistress, Princess Catherine Dolgoruki, when they entered into a morganatic marriage. A fourth child would be born to them before his death.
- Signed the Edict of Emancipation, which abolished serfdom, on 19 February 1861.
- Children with his first wife: Alexandra (1842-49), Nikolay (1843-65), Czar Aleksandr III, Vladimir (1847-1909), Alexei (1850-1908), Duchess Maria Edinburgh of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Sergei (1857-1905), and Paul (1860-1919).
- Had four children with his second wife: George (1872-1913), Olga (1874-1925), Boris (1876-76) and Catherine (1878-1959).
- Great-grandfather of Alexandra Beatrice of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Lennart Bernadotte, King Carol II, Prinz Louis Ferdinand Junior von Preussen, Friedrich Wilhelm Prinz von Preußen, Prinz Michael von Preussen, Grand Duchess Olga, Grand Duchess Tatiana, Grand Duchess Maria, Grand Duchess Anastasia, and Aleksey Nikolaeyvitch Romanov.
- Great-uncle of Dronning Alexandrine and Großherzog Friedrich Franz IV von Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
- Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland (March 2, 1855-March 13, 1881).
- His uncle, Tsar Alexander I, was the godfather of Queen Victoria. Victoria would become the grandmother of Tsarina Alexandra, wife of Alexander's grandson, Tsar Nicholas II.
- One of his pages was future radical Prince Peter Kropotkin, father of Princess Alexandra Kropotkin.
- He and his first wife, Marie von Hessen und bei Rhein are third cousins once removed to each other.
- 2nd-great grandfather of King Michael, King Peter II of Yugoslavia, Georg Friedrich von Preußen, Prinzessin Micaela von Preussen, and Prinzessin Nataly von Preussen.
- 3rd-great grandfather of Crown Prince Alexander of Serbia.
- Father-in-law of Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Alfred.
- He was the first Tsar ever to be photographed.
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