- Black history scholar and literary executor for W.E.B. Du Bois.
- Marxist historian best known for his three-volume "Documentary History of the Negro People in the United States" and for editing the correspondence and writing of his mentor, W.E.B. Du Bois.
- One of the first scholars to denounce American military involvement in Vietnam.
- Campaigned and lost a race for the House of Representatives from Brooklyn in 1966 on the Peace and Freedom ticket.
- Father of Bettina Aptheker, a former leader of the Berkeley Free Speech Movement and friend and advisor to 1960s radical and Black Panther leader Angela Davis.
- Fought in World War II in the US Army, held the rank of major in a field artillery unit.
- Biography in: "The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives". Volume 7, 2003-2005, pages 13-14. Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson Gale, 2007.
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